TLDR
- Bhutan becomes the first country to implement Ethereum for a national digital identity system.
- Vitalik Buterin attended the launch ceremony alongside Bhutan’s King and Prime Minister.
- The Ethereum-based system is now fully operational, with a complete migration planned by 2026.
- Bhutan aims to enhance security, transparency, and privacy with its decentralized digital identity.
- The shift from Polygon and Hyperledger Indy to Ethereum ensures greater immutability and privacy.
Bhutan has made headlines as the first country to utilize the Ethereum network for a national digital identity system. The implementation of this Ethereum-based system marks a significant milestone in the realm of digital governance and cybersecurity. Bhutan aims to complete the migration of all authentication information by early 2026, setting a remarkable precedent on the global stage.
Bhutan Launches National Digital Identity System on Ethereum
The official launch of the National Digital Identity (NDI) system took place during a grand ceremony attended by prominent figures, including King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Prime Minister Lyonchen Tshering Tobgay, and Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin. The Prime Minister emphasized the country’s ambition to lead in digital governance through Ethereum’s decentralized infrastructure, illustrating Bhutan’s commitment to modernity and innovation.
1/ Today, Bhutan celebrates a historic milestone, becoming the first nation to anchor its national digital identity system on Ethereum. @VitalikButerin and I were honored to join the launch ceremony on behalf of the Ethereum community, graced by His Royal Highness. pic.twitter.com/KA4tOYbsJ4
— Aya Miyaguchi (@AyaMiyagotchi) October 13, 2025
The NDI system aims to enhance Bhutan’s security, transparency, and citizen availability. Prime Minister Tobgay highlighted that this initiative will establish a user-owned and interoperable identity framework, aligning with the King’s vision for a digitally empowered, inclusive society in Bhutan.
Vitalik Buterin, a pivotal figure in the Ethereum community, expressed his admiration for Bhutan’s advancements during the launch. He remarked, “This milestone marks a global step toward a more open and secure digital future,” emphasizing the significance of Ethereum in the evolution of digital governance worldwide.
Ethereum Enhances Bhutan’s Digital Ecosystem
Transitioning to Ethereum signifies Bhutan’s proactive approach to ensuring a robust identity management system. Previously, the country explored solutions through Polygon and Hyperledger Indy, but the switch to Ethereum guarantees improved transparency, immutability, and privacy. This strategic choice underscores Bhutan’s place at the forefront of technological innovation and digital identity frameworks.
With the NDI system now fully operational, Bhutanese citizens can utilize cryptographic proof for authentication. This innovative approach eliminates traditional identification methods, ensuring that personal information is shared only when necessary, thus prioritizing user privacy. By 2026, Bhutan is set to have a fully integrated Ethereum framework within its digital identity infrastructure.
Bhutan’s engagement with Ethereum reflects its broader strategy to harness blockchain technology for national development. Besides the groundbreaking digital identity initiative, the country has also invested in Bitcoin mining, further solidifying its footing in the digital asset space. As a holder of over 11,000 Bitcoin, Bhutan continues to innovate and elevate its digital presence globally, positioning itself as a leader in the rapidly evolving digital economy.
